Human Resource Practices In The Organised Retail Sectors

Indian organized retail market is growing at a fast pace due to the boom in the India retail industry. In 2005, the retail industry in India amounted to Rs 10,000 billion accounting for about 10% to the country’s GDP. The organized retail market in India out of this total market accounted for Rs 350 billion which is about 3.5% of the total revenues. Traditionally the retail industry in India was largely unorganized, comprising of drug stores, medium, and small grocery stores. Most of the organized retailing in India have started recently and is concentrating mainly in metropolitan cities. The growth in the Indian organized retail market is mainly due to the change in the consumer’s behavior. This change has come in the consumer due to increased income, changing lifestyles, and patterns of demography which are favorable. Now the consumer wants to shop at a place where he can get food, entertainment, and shopping all under one roof. This has given Indian organized retail market a major boost. Retail market in the organized sector in India is growing can be seen from the fact that 1500 supermarkets, 325 departmental stores, and 300 new malls are being built. Many Indian companies are entering the Indian retail market which is giving Indian organized retail market a boost. One such company is the Reliance Industries Limited. It plans to invest US$6billionintheIndianretailmarket by opening 1000 hypermarkets and 1500 supermarkets. Pantaloons are another Indian company which plans to increase its retail space to 30 million square feet with an investment of US$ 1 billion. Bharti Telecoms an Indian company is in talks with Tesco a global giant for a £ 750 million joint venture. A number of global retail giants such as Walmart, Carrefour, and Metro AG are also planning to set up shop in India. Indian organized retail market will definitely grow as a result of all this investments. Indian organized retail market is increasing and for this growth to continue the Indian retailers as well as government must make a combined effort. The Indian retail industry has emerged as one of the most dynamic and fast-paced industries due to the entry of several new players. Total consumption expenditure is expected to reach nearly US$3,600 billion by 2020 from US$ 1,824 billion in 2017. It accounts for over 10 per cent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 8 per cent of the employment. India is the world’s fifth-largest global destination in the retail space. India’s retail market is expected to increase by 60 per cent to reach US$1.1 trillion by 2020, on the back of factors like rising incomes and lifestyle changes by middle class and increased digital connectivity. Online retail sales are forecasted to grow at the rate of 31 per cent year-on-year to reach US$ 32.70 billion in 2018. Indian market has high complexities in terms of a wide geographic spread and distinct consumer preferences varying by each region necessitating a need for localization even within the geographic zones. India has highest number of outlets per person (7 per thousand) Indian retail space per capita at 2 sq ft (0.19 m2)/ person is lowest in the world Indian retail density of 6 percent is highest in the world. 1.8 million Households in India have an annual income of over 4.5 million (US$62,615.70). While India presents a large market opportunity given the number and increasing purchasing power of consumers, there are significant challenges as well given that over90$30billionby the end of 2018 from US$23.8 billion 2017 supported by growing exposure of international brands amongst Indian youth and higher purchasing power of the upper class in tier 2 and 3 cities, according to Assoc ham. The Indian retail trading has received Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) equity inflows totaling US$ 1.42 billion during April 2000–June 2018, according to the Department of Industrial Policies and Promotion (DIPP). With the rising need for consumer goods in different sectors including consumer electronics and home appliances, many companies have invested in the Indian retail space in the past few months. Beckons, a South Korean designer brand is set to enter the Indian market with an investment of about Rs 1.00 billion (US$14.25 million) and open 50 stores by June 2019. Wal-Mart Investments Cooperative U.A has invested Rs 2.75 billion (US$ 37.68 million) in Wal-Mart India Pvt Ltd. The Government of India has taken various initiatives to improve the retail industry in India. The Government of India may change the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) rules in food processing, in a bid to permit e-commerce companies and foreign retailers to sell Made in India consumer products. Government of India has allowed 100 per cent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in online retail of goods and services through the automatic route, thereby providing clarity on the existing businesses of e-commerce companies operating in India. E-commerce is expanding steadily in the country. Customers have the ever increasing choice of products at the lowest rates. E-commerce is probably creating the biggest revolution in the retail industry, and this trend would continue in the years to come. India’s e-commerce industry is forecasted to reach US$ 53 billion by 2018. Retailers should leverage the digital retail channels (e-commerce), which would enable them to spend less money on real estate while reaching out to more customers in tier-2 and tier-3 cities. It is projected that by 2021 traditional retail will hold a major share of 75 per cent, organized retail share will reach 18 per cent and e-commerce retail share will reach 7 per cent of the total retail market. Nevertheless, the long- term outlook for the industry is positive, supported by rising incomes, favorable demographics, entry of foreign players, and increasing urbanization

ISOLATION, SCREENING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITINASE PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM MARINE WASTES

Objective: Aim of this study deals with screening and characterization of chitinase-producing bacteria from marine waste and its deposited soil along the coastal regions in Chennai.Methods: The soil samples were collected aseptically and subjected to serial dilution to isolate the bacterial strains. Totally, 35 morphologically different microorganisms were isolated and were screened for their chitinolytic activity in colloidal chitin incorporated media through zone assay using Congo red stain. The biochemical tests were performed for the isolated to prove their validity and further with sequencing to determine the species.Results: The isolates were screened based on the size of the zone formed. Best chitinase producers were subjected to biochemical tests and 16s ribosomal RNA sequencing. A novel strain, Acinetobacter ASK18, a gram-negative, motile organism was identified. Thus, the isolate may be a potent producer of chitinase, and the marine wastes can be utilized efficiently to generate a high value-added product.Conclusion: A novel strain, Acinetobacter ASK18, would further be subjected to purification of the enzyme produced, and hence the active principle could be evaluated as an effective pharmacological drug in anticancer and antibacterial properties.Keywords: Marine wastes, Chitinase, Congo red, Biochemical tests, 16s rRNA sequencin

THEORETICAL APPROACH ON TARGETING PLANT FUNGAL PATHOGENIC PROTEINS AGAINST NATURALLY ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM CHITINIPHILUS SHINANONENSIS

Objective: The objective of this study was to find the potency and bioefficacy of Asiatic acid and triterpene against four different plant fungal pathogens using a structure-based drug designing approach. Methods: The pathogenic fungus which causes a dreadful effect on plants is reviewed from literature study, and its three-dimensional structures are retrieved from the protein data bank database. On the other hand, ligands are prepared. Finally, prepared fungal drug targets are docked with naturally isolated compounds using AutoDock tools. Results: Both compounds Asiatic acid and triterpene structures are complementary to bind at the active site of four different drug targets. Comparatively, it is more favorable for Avr2 effector protein from Fusarium oxysporum with Ki value of 126.60 μM, 1.76 μM, and dock score value of −5.32 kcal/mol and −7.85 kcal/mol for Asiatic acid and triterpene, respectively. Thus, interaction analysis was carried out only for these protein-ligand complexes. Conclusion: The computational biology study states that these two compounds can be the lead candidate for treating disease caused by plant fungal pathogen F. oxysporum. However, further study has to be done in vitro and in vivo to prove its same efficacy

The efficacy of doppler indices in predicting the neontal outcome in term preeclamptic women with intrauterine growth restriction: an observational study in a tertiary care centre

Background: Doppler flow velocimetry of the umbilical and fetal cerebral circulation is a non-invasive modality used to access the fetal well-being. Doppler is comparatively more specific and is potentially a useful tool in predicting adverse perinatal outcome in high risk cases. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of Middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA-PI), umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI) and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) doppler indices in assessment of fetal well-being. To document neonatal outcome in preeclamptic women with doppler changes.Methods: A retrospective observational study of term preeclamptic women with clinical IUGR admitting in labour room of RLJ Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. All these women underwent Doppler study and were followed up till delivery.Results: A total 89 term preeclamptic women, 47.19% women had normal delivery, 52.81% lower segment caesarean section. 74.16 % delivered babies required NICU (neonatal ICU) care, 51.69 % babies had a longer duration of NICU care (more than 5 days). The perinatal complications like respiratory distress 8.99% low birth weight 39.33%, meconium stained 10.11%, still born 4.49% and perinatal asphyxia (6.06%). Women with abnormal MCA-PI 46.07% of cases, UA-PI in 40.45% and CPR 57.30%.Conclusions: It was observed that all three parameters CPR, MCA-PI and UA-PI when taken into account together are good utilities in predicting perinatal outcome

Evaluation of selective cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones from Central and South America in their initial years of growth

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Body Contour Surgery: A systemic review

INTRODUCTION: Having hourglass figure and great body are becoming the need of the hour for both men and women. It instills sense of pride among individuals by not only enhancing the personality but also by boosting the confidence level of an individual. Aesthetic surgery is one of the most effective ways of improving and enhancing the look of an individual. Unlike earlier days, where people were skeptic undergoing cosmetic surgery, there is an increase in the number of people in India undergoing them. People’s Lifestyle, socio economic status, awareness, professional need, self image, phases of life, globalization has motivated people towards cosmetic surgery. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: AIM:- To study the functional, aesthetic, and psychological outcome of body contour surgery. OBJECTIVES:- 1. To study the patient selection factors for body contour surgery. 2. To describe operative approaches for comprehensive spectrum of body contouring surgical procedures. 3. To identify complications and pitfalls related to body contouring and describe how to avoid them. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study was conducted in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, and Madras Medical College over a period of 31 months September 2010 to March 2013. The proforma for the collection of data was made. All the relevant details of the patient during preoperative, surgical, and postoperative and follow up periods were collected and analyzed. This study is a prospective and retrospective study, where 62 patients are included, among them males, females, gender identity disorder –transgender females . Subject selection: Those patients needing body contouring 1. Obese patients with realistic concern about their contour deformity, 2. Obese patient with unsuccessful attempt at weight loss with diet and exercise, 3. Postbariatric-patients with steatomas (metabolically inert fat) producing deformity, 4. Post delivery. Exclusion criteria: 1. Facial contour surgery 2. Patient with intraabdominal pathology 3. Morbidly obese with co-morbid illness complicating anesthesia 4. Patient diagnosed to have body dysmorphic disorder 5. Those who are not willing to participate in my study will be excluded. Patient Selection: Good motivated patients with expectations and desire within realistic alm. DISCUSSION: Careful patient selection is important in ensuring success in body contour surgery.Patients who smoke, have coronary artery disease, have autoimmune disease requiring steroids, are diabetic with poor glucose control, have psychiatric problems, or are older than 50 years are at elevated risk for healing problems. Patients who are morbidly obese, particularly teenagers, are advised weight loss prior body contour surgery and clearly explained that these surgeries are not the management of obesity.the below discussed are our hospital protocol in approach to body contour surgery CONCLUSIONS: Having hourglass figure and great body are becoming the need of the hour for both men and women. It instills sense of pride among individuals by not only enhancing the personality but also by boosting the confidence level of an individual. globalization has motivated people towards cosmetic surgery. The national statistic rate of divorce is highest is Tamil Nadu 4.8%, especially in city like Chennai, common cause of divorce is body consciousness leading to mental dissatisfaction. Self confidence of patient mostly due to body imaging. aesthetic surgery improves self image with good body contouring, increases libido and attractiveness of individual ,binds the marital status. Even in the difficult scenario women in that age group get more confidence in more professional job , more self esteem and positive thinking. They Can even start new life after time pass by after social stigma passes through. Inspite of government chief ministers health insurance scheme not covering the cosmetic surgery, the lower strata income group now increasingly opt for cosmetic surgery .free surgical cosmetic procedures done in our government hospital, change in the policy, attitude in our department in the past 3 years, more and more esthetic body contour surgeries done for lower social strata. Good motivated patients with expectation and desire within realistic alm, get satisfied with the goal oriented aesthetic body contouring approaches. The number of dissatisfied patients, even with informed consent are less in our study. this may be related to the time devoted with patient, explaining all possible complication in the vernacular language, with early effective remedy for complication explained and reiterated to our patient in a considerate manner has brought this excellent result